Thursday, August 23, 2012

Pond Preperation

Pond Preparation:
Fish farming is one kind of cultivation. We have to prepare ponds before leaving carp in the ponds. In order to prepare ponds we should follow next steps.
1.  Pond reformation,
2.  Cleaning Weeds,
3.  Remove huge and unexpected fishes,
4.  Use of lime,
5.  Use of fertilizers and
6.  Experimentation of natural food in the ponds.
Ponds Reformation: It is the first step of ponds reformation.
Clay Removal: If there stay additional clay we have to remove it as it causes harmful gasses, bacteria and insects. In order to upgrade the pond’s environments we should remove extra clay (more than 20 – 25 cm deep). We can do it by pumping water out of the pond.
Recovering Boundaries: If the boundaries are unprotected we should repair it immediately. Otherwise it may over flood in the rainy season. Fishes in the ponds can leave the ponds and huge fishes can enter into the ponds that causes harm our farm. We also plant grass all over the side boundaries to make it firm.
Weed Cleaning: Weed consume foods from ponds water that destroy natural foods and fertilizers. We can clean weeds as follows-
1. Physical labor: We can clean floating weeds by physical labor easily.
2. Biological Methods: If we keep a few numbers of herbivorous fishes such as Grass Carp, Rajputi etc. they eat floating and drowned weeds as well. After leaving carp in the ponds we can remove it easily in this way. If we reserve this kinds of fish a few number in a pond then the pond is clean as well.
3. Applying Chemicals: Extra green moss is harmful for ponds. It lacks oxygen in pond water. As a result growth of fishes will decrease or may die. We can apply 35 gm copper sulfate per hundreds of pond area with 1 meter height for solving this problem.
Huge and unexpected fishes Removal:
Huge fishes eat carp and fish food. As a result growth of fishes decreases. We can remove it as follows-
1.  Drying Pond: By drying ponds all kinds of fishes can caught easily. Huge fishes and harmful insects can easily enter into clay. By keeping pond bottom dry for a few days we can destroy them and poisonous gasses easily. As a result productivity of fish increases.
2.  Pulling Net: By pulling thick net again and again we can collect them easily. We should tie weighted concrete materials with lower border of net and pull it slowly.
3.  Applying Chemicals: When drying pond is impossible then we can use chemicals like Rotenon and Fostonic for destroying all kind of fishes and germs
Elements
Gm/hundreds of land/meter
Rotenon
30 -35 gm
Fostonic
3 gm (1 tab)
Mix Rotenon or Fostonic with pond water and pull net 2/3 times then fish will die. We should collect fishes with net immediately otherwise fish will rotten.

Use of Lime: Lime purifies water. Use of lime in the pond is essential. It supplies calcium for fishes, reduce acidity and increase alkalinity. As a result increases fertility of soil and water. It destroys harmful germs and insects. Use of lime depends on soil P.H.
Soil P.H.
Lime (kg/hundreds)
0.0 – 3.9
10
4.0 – 4.5
5
4.6 – 5.5
3
5.6 – 6.5
2
6.6 – 7.5
1
We should not through dry lime on water. At first we mix it with water in a plastic or mud pots. Then we can through on water after cooling lime solution.

Fertilizer:
Fish production depends on growing small size green plants such as Fytoplanton. And Fytoplanton production depends on nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. Some times these elements are not sufficient in pond water. So we have to supply fertilizer in the ponds. These fertilizers are of two kinds-
1.Organic Fertilizer: We can get this fertilizers from cow dung, poultry stool, compost and green fertilizers.
2.Chemical Fertilizer: We generally use UREA, TSP, and MP etc. as fertilizer.
Experiment of Natural Food in Water:
The color of water with sufficient natural foods is green or brawn. After applying fertilizers for 5 – 7 days we have to collect pond water in a transparent glass. If we can see green or brawn particles in that water then it is suitable for leaving carp.

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