Thursday, August 23, 2012

Dairy


Selection of dwelling place and houses:

Low priced place and low labor cost are required.
The place should be apart from town or overcrowded locality.
It is apart from main road but communication must be very good.
The place should be opened.
The place should be high so that rain water cannot be entered and deposit.
The place must be drained well.
The supply of water and electricity should be well.
The house will be made scientifically.

Cow Houses:

Classification of Shade:
There are two types of shades.
1.  One row ,
2.  Two row
a.   Face to face
b.  Opposite face
House area according to weight and chest measures:
Weight (kg)
Chest measurement (cm)
Width (cm)
Length (cm)
300
152.5
99.5
132.8
400
165.0
100.7
142.25
500
177.5
114.00
152.40
600
190.5
121.95
162.55
700
203.5
129.55
175.75
800
216.0
137.15
182.90

Home care and sterilizing methods :

  1. We have to clean the house in the morning after get out cows from the house.
  2. The house is to make in such a way that air and light can enter easily in the room.
  3. We have to aware of damp.
  4. We have to make house in such a way that rain water can’t enter the house.
A day of every week we have to clean house with germ destructive water solution.

Health Management of Cows:


We have to set up fence around the farm.

1.  There will be foot path in front of the entrance of the farm.
2.   Outsider can’t enter the farm.
3.   We have to prevent rat, insects and wild animals.
4.   We have buy diseases free cows for the farm.
5.  Died cow must be buried 2 meters deep outside the farm and lime should be scattered on died body.
6.  Worm destroying medicine will be used with doctor’s advise.
7.  Have to provide balance diet daily. Stale (washed), dirty food is not allowed.
8.   In summer food mixer is not allowed after 7 days.
9.  Food granary should have to well air and light. It should be clean and dry.
10. Vaccine should be regular. But ill cows are ignored.

General rule of vaccination: We must be careful when we transfer vaccine from one place to another. We transport it on cooling van or flax or small pot with ice. We have to notice that direct sun light can’t on the vaccine. We also are careful when we use on cows.
1.  Vaccine must use on healthy cows.
2.  Seed of vaccine must not contact on sun light.
3.  Without the suggestions of Veterinary surgeon we can’t use vaccine on pregnant cows.
4.  We can’t use vaccine on ill cows.
5.  Mixing pot, syringe, needle etc must be clean and germ free.
6.  It is useful when sunlight is soft or low to use vaccine.
7.  Within 1 hour of mixing vaccine must be used.

Food:
Animal food must contain with all 6 elements i.e. Starch, Protein, Fat, Minerals, Vitamins and Water. Cow’s health depends on taking food. Without taking balance diet i.e. with all 6 food elements the cow’s heath can’t be good. And we can’t get enough milk and healthy baby. So we have to give them balance diet.
Characteristics of balance diet:
Ø It is tasty and bland.
Ø It is cheap and available.
Ø Scaled food must with green grass.
Ø It must contain 15-16 % Protein.
Rules and elements of balanced diet:
Straw, green grass, granules and water are elements of balanced diet. Here are the rules to make balance diet for daily basis.
Straw
A cow need 2-3 kg straw daily. We have to cut straw 6-8 cm long then it will be mixed with granule and 300- 400 gm of molasses in a trough in water.
Green grass
A cow needs 12-15 kg of green grass. In order to collect adequate milk from cows they need additional green grass.
Granules
Straw and green grass they need sufficient granules. Granules are made with the following elements-
Wheat husk
Rice powder
Broken khesari  pulses
Til or nut cake
Vitamin mineral
Salt
50%
20%
18%
10%
1%
1%

Quantity of granules (daily):

Cub
Cow with milk
Cow without milk
Bull (aged & active)
0.50-1.00 kg
3.00-4.00 kg (need extra1 kg for extra 2.5 lt of milk)
1.5-2.0 kg
3.0-4.0 kg

The cows need sufficient pure drinking water daily.

Food chart for a pregnant cow (daily):
Green raw grass
Dry straw
Granules
Clean water
12-15 kg
3-4 kg
3 kg
sufficient

We must careful on pregnant cows in order to get healthy and wealthy cub. Generally the pregnancy period is 280 days. In order to keep fit of pregnant cow and kid (cub) healthy cow need granules as well as balance diet after 6 months of pregnancy.
Granules for a pregnant cow (daily):
Wheat husk
Rice powder
Broken khesari  pulses
Til or nut cake
Minerals
Salt
56%
15%
13%
12%
3%
1%

Food chart for a cub (daily):

Cub age (day)
Colostrums or shawl milk
Granules and green grass
1-4
1 kg Colostrums for every 10 kg body weight.
No
5-14
1 kg milk for every 10 kg body weight.
No
15-21
1 kg milk for every 10 kg body weight.
Fresh green grass and granule.
22-90
1 kg milk for every 10 kg body weight.
Fresh green grass and granule suit for cub.
91-180
No need.
Sufficient green grass and 1-2 kg granule.

Granules for a baby cow (daily):
Wheat husk
Broken bhutta
Broken chola   pulses
Broken khesari  pulses
Til or nut cake
Minerals
Salt
50%
20%
10%
9%
9%
1%
1%



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