Thursday, August 23, 2012

Goat Farming


Goat is a four footed animal. We can see goats around us especially in villages. Its meat and milk are very testy. Landlord even poor farmers can raise it. We can make farm with small amount of money. It also needs small area of land. We also spend a large amount of money in order to make large farm. It also need large amount of land where we make shed and shelter. We need a large grass field for grassing. So we make farm outside the city or town in order to low cost.
Here I discuss about a few kind of goats. They are Black Bengle Goat and Jamuna Pari Goat.
Black Bengal Goat: It is shown mainly in Bangladesh, India ( Asam, West Bengle, Tripura ), Pakistan etc.
Physical Characteristics: Its body is generally black. It may be white, white-black, brown, and black-brown. Its body-size is small. Its body-hair is short and silky. Its ear and horn is small. But horn of male goat is bigger than those of female goat.
Production of Milk: This kind of goat generally gives us 300- 400 ml of milk. But by giving proper food and management we can get 1(one) liter of milk everyday. A female goat gives us milk 2 – 3 month.
Production of Meat: The dressing rate of Black Bengal Goat is 45-47 percent. But the meat of it is 55 percent of its body weight. The meat of it is very testy.
Production of Child: In general 12-15 months aged goat produce child. At first time it produces only one child. But for the second time it gives two children in most cases. It also gives us 3/4 cubs at a time in a little cases.
Jamuna Pari Goat:
Its body color is white, black, yellow, brown and mixer of various colours. Ear is long, twisted and suspended. Its legs are long and hair is connected behind of back legs. They are patient and unstable in mind. A full aged male goat is 60-90 kg weight where as a full aged female goat is 40-60 kg weight. A female goat gives us 3-4 liter milk daily.

Accommodation of Dwelling Place:

  The place should be high so that rain water cannot be entered and deposit.
   It is apart from main road but communication must be very good.
   The place should be opened.
   The soil should be sandy and graveled.
   The place must be well drained.
   The place should be apart from town or overcrowded locality.
   The supply of water and electricity should be well.
   Low priced place and low labor cost are required.
   The place should be sufficient grass and fruit trees.


House of Goat:
To save from sun, rain, storm, cold, night, wild animals and security it need house. It need scientific house. The house should be east-west long so that air can freely pass through the house. The place and foundation of the house should be high so that water can drain well. The goats like to live on a high place. Every goat needs 5-6 square feet of space. Make platform at 2.5-3 feet high from the floor. Ceiling should be 5-6 feet high from the platform. So the ceiling of the house is 8-9 feet high from the floor of the house. We have to scatter sand on the floor if the floor is made of mud to dry the floor. From platform to ceiling bamboo sticks-net are covered.
Nature of Goat House: There are several kinds of goat house. But 2 types of goat house are generally found.
  1. House on high land: The floor of this kind of house is made of mud or brick-build. The floor of this kind of house should be high so that damp cannot be raise. If so then we have to scatter dry straw on the floor in rainy and winter season.
2.House on high stage: platform 3-4 feet high from the ground with bamboo sticks or wood slices. This kind of house is healthful for the goat.
  
These two types of house are may be 1, 2 or 4 sheds that depends on number of goats.

Rearing Methods:
1.  In the morning the goat has to grazing around the farm everyday.
2.  Exercise and sun ray are must everyday.
3. We have to wash the house well after bring out (get out) goats from the house.
4. We have to observe the goats though they are ill. If so we should separate them immediately for treatment.
5. If many goats in the farm then they should be numbered for.
We have to supply them balanced diet regularly.
7. Goat does not like bathing so we have to brash their body to make their body smooth and fresh.
8. Worms destroying medicine and vaccine are provided to all aged goats.

Area of House:


Nature of goat
Required area (sq. meters)
Baby goat
0.3
Full-grown goat
1.5
Pregnant goats
1.9
He-goats
2.8


















Home Care and Sterilizing Methods :
1. We have to clean the house in the morning after get out goats from the house.
2. The house is to make in such a way that air and light can enter easily in the room.
3. Rain water and cold air are harmful for the goats. We have to aware of damp. If so then we have to scatter dry straw on the floor to remove damp.
4. A day of every week we have to clean goat house with germ destructive water solution.

Baby Goat (cub) Care and Rearing Method: 
 To breathing on the baby goat (cub), clean and dry the body.
1.      Navel should be cut with germ free scissors.
2.  After cutting the navel it would be rubbed with germ killing medicine such as tincher iodine or tincher benjin.
3.   We have to feed them shwal milk or colostrum that will help its body building.
4.  The physical growth of baby goat depend on nursing. The preventive system of baby goats is very little. So they will attack by diseases very easily and often die, so we have to take care highly.
Baby goat naturally accompanied with their mother. They suck their mothers milk. They also take green grass and leaves in second weeks of theirs age. So we have to supply them green grass, green leaves and granule foods. We have to keep the baby goats in an open fields so that they can run and play freely and get fresh light and air. This will build their body healthy and strong.
Every baby goat of first week have to drink 300-325 ml of milk at 3-4 times in a day. Gradually the demand of milk will increase and in 6-7 week it will be increased in 750-850 ml. daily. After 3 weeks there will be alternate food for them. So in 10-11 weeks it will be gradually down to 200-100 ml a day. At that time they have to supply sufficient green grass, green leaves and granule foods. At the age of 3-4 month they do not need any kind of milk, they eat green grass, green leaves and granule foods.

Health Management of Goats:
1.      We have to set up fence arround the farm.
2.      There will be foot path in front of the entrance of the farm.
3.      Outsider can’t enter the farm.
4.      We have to prevent rat, insects and wild animals.
5.      Have to provide balance diet daily. Stale (washed), dirty food is not allowed.
6.      In summer food mixer is not allowed after 7 days.
7.      Food granary should have to well air and light. It should be clean and dry.
8.      We have buy diseases less goats for the farm.
9.      Vaccine should be regular.
10.  Worm destroying medicine will be used with doctor’s advice.
11.  Goats will be bath every 2 months with 0.5% malathion solution in order to prevent skin diseases.
12.  If any goat died of then it must be burried outside the farm.
13.  Reproductive male goats and she goats have to push injections every 6 months with 1-1.5 ml vitamin A, D, E.
Food And Nutrition Management :
A female goat gives birth two or more baby goat (cub) at a time. So week goats can’t get enough milk for feeding and they become weaker day by day. So we have to notice that the weak goats can get enough milk.
Food and Nutrition Chart:
Age (day)
Weight(kg)
Weight increasing rate (gm)
Rice starch (gm)
Milk per day (gm)
Granule food (gm)
Green grass
30-45
2.0-2.5
50
50-100
300-400
A little
A little
45-60
2.5-3.0
60
100-200
400-500
20
A little
60-75
3.0-4.0
60
200-250
400-500
30
A little
75-90
4.0-5.0
55
250-400
100-200
50
A little
90-135
5.0-6.0
50
350-400
-
100
A little
Sample of Granules:
Broken rice
25%
Broken khesari  pulses
25%
Wheat husk
25%
Soybean cake
16%
Protein concentrate
2%
Soybean oil
1%
Dried molasses
4%
Vitamin mineral premix
0.5%
D.C.P.
0.5%
Salt
1%
A list of the necessary food for growing nanny-goat:
Age (month)
Weight (kg)
Granule (gm/day)
Green grass (gm/day)
Straw (gm/day)
Water (gm/day)
4
8.0
150
400
100
500
5
9.3
200
500
100
500
6
11.5
300
550
100
500
7
13.2
300
600
100
500
8
15.0
350
700
600
600
9
16.8
400
700
600
600
10
18.6
400
700
600
700
11
20.4
400
700
700
700
12
22.2
400
700
700
700
13
22.0
450
800
800
800
14
23.0
450
800
800
800
15
24.0
450
800
800
800
Chart of foods and nutrition of last two months of pregnant goats:
Pregnant goats need sufficient food. If we don’t supply sufficient food for them then they deliver weak cubs even died cubs. So then health become weak to weak as a result they become pregnant lately their milk will less and low qualified. So we should give them sufficient food.
Weight of nanny goat
Metabolic energy (m.j./day)
Metabolic protein (gm/day)
Granule (gm/day)
Grass (gm/day)
Water (lt./day)
15
12.30
65
800
1.50
1.50
20
13.47
71
900
1.50
1.50
25
14.57
80
1000
1.50
1.50
30
15.60
85
1100
1.50
1.50
35
16.60
90
1200
1.50
1.50
Sample of Granules:
Broken corn
35%
Wheat husk
25%
khesari  pulses husk
16%
Soybean cake
20%
Fish meal
1.5%
D.C.P.
1.4%
Salt
1%
Vitamin mineral
0.1%
Feeding of nanny goats: 
Cub lives on their mother’s milk. So we have to supply their food depending their cubs demand. Here is a chart for their mother’s food demand.
Sample of Granules:
Broken corn
35%
Wheat husk
25%
khesari  pulses husk
16%
Soybean cake
20%
Fish meal
1.5%
D.C.P.
1.4%
Salt
1%
Vitamin mineral
0.1%
Methods of Feeding:
Ø 6 am -7am: ½ granule food and 1/3 scaled food. At first granule food in separate containers nest scaled (fiber) food in together.
Ø 9 am: Branches with leaves on hanging situation.
Ø 12 am: rice starch, 1/3 scaled food.
Ø 4pm-5pm: rest 1/3 granule food.
Ø At noon: Rest 1/3 scaled food.
Farm Management:
Farm management is the life of farming. If we manage the farm well it will be profitable.
Daily routine:

At 7-9 am
  We have to observe total situation and nature of goats.
  Clean the containers of food and water and put them food and water.
  Watch the nature of goats when they are feeding.
 After feeding goats are get out from house and clean the farm.
At 11-12 am
Give food and water.
At 4-5 am
 Give food and water
 Close the door.
 Watch the nature of goats.
Weekly Work:
Ø Make or mixer food.
Ø Clean house with germ germ killing medicine /germ destroying water.
Ø Give vaccines or worm tablets if needed.

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